Constructing Earthquake Resistant Masonry Houses - Bandaged using Ferrocement Layers
Almost every year, a destructive earthquake occurred in Indonesia and every time many non-engineered constructions are heavily damaged or even collapsed. The damage and collapse of non-engineered constructions caused a lot of human lives. The main causes of damage and / or collapse of masonry non-engineered constructions in Indonesia when shaken by earthquakes are poor quality of building materials and poor quality of workmanship, which are below standards, e.g. the incorrect mixing of mortar as well as concrete, incorrect laying of bricks, the detailing of reinforcement of the practical columns / practical beams are not suitable for earthquake regions.
To overcome this problem, since 2014, the author did research about masonry houses bandaged by ferrocement layers on both sides of the wall. Subsequently, that composite structure (ferrocement layer, masonry wall, ferrocement layer) is analyzed as sandwich structure. The result showed that the masonry walls bandaged by ferrocement layers are strong if shaken by earthquakes. The installation of wire mesh for ferrocement is easier, faster, and lower in cost compared to the installation of steel reinforcement for practical columns and practical beams. Also it is easier than constructing earthquake resistant reinforcing bars detailing for beam-column joints. Apart from the analysis, the author also did a full scale shaking table test in Japan in 2014 and the results are as indicated in the analysis. Rubble stone foundation should be abandoned and changed into inverted T-foundation beams.
These manuals (booklet and posters) below are an example for common people's housing and it is hoped that it can be constructed by home-owners when building in earthquake prone areas. Apart from that, the same method can be applied to strengthen common people's housing that are already built in order to make it earthquake resistant and safe human lives during earthquakes. This method has been applied in West Sumatra, Center Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Lombok, Cianjur, as well as other regions in Indonesia.
Thank you to the NGOs that have applied the method of constructing / retrofitting earthquake resistant masonry houses with ferrocement layers, especially to Adra Indonesia, Yayasan Bumi Tangguh and Yayasan Sheep Indonesia.
Examples of Constructing and Retrofitting Earthquake Resistant Houses using Ferrocement Layers that was introduced and initiated by
Ir. Teddy Boen, PhD.
Reconstruction of 67 earthquake-resistant houses bandaging with ferrocement layers after the Palu earthquake of September 28, 2018 (August 2019)
Ramba Village, Dolo Selatan Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Palu, Central Sulawesi
Construction of earthquake-resistant masonry school buildings bandaging with ferrocement layers
(December 2019 - February 2020)
SDN Inpres Salua, Kulawi Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Training of masons and constructing earthquake-resistant masonry houses bandaging with ferrocement layers
(December 2019 - April 2020)
Rogo Village, Dolo Selatan Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Palu, Central Sulawesi
Measuring and cutting the required wire mesh
Installing the wire mesh on the 1-cm plaster base
Installing the wire mesh
Tying the wires to connect the inner and outer wire mesh
Applying cement mortar to the drilled holes for the reinforcing wires
Plastering the wall that has been installed with wire mesh
Removing the formwork
Training of masons and retrofitting earthquake-resistant masonry houses bandaging with ferrocement layers (February 2020)
Maranatha Village, Sigi Biromaru Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Retrofitting / strengthening of Pos Kesehatan Desa (POSKESDES) Puroo (May 2020)
Puroo Village, Lindu Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Retrofitting / strengthening of Pos Kesehatan Desa (POSKESDES) Wisolo (May 2020)
Wisolo Village, Dolo Selatan Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Construction of 74 earthquake-resistant masonry houses bandaged with ferrocement layers
(February - September 2020)
Bangga Village, Dolo Selatan Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Rogo Village
Waturalele Village
Waturalele Village
Waturalele Village
Maranatha Village
Maranatha Village
Maranatha Village
Training of masons and retrofitting earthquake-resistant masonry houses bandaging with ferrocement layers (September 2020)
Rogo Village, Waturalele Village, and Maranatha Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Training of masons and retrofitting earthquake-resistant masonry houses bandaging with ferrocement layers
(November 2020 - September 2021)
Bangga Village, Dolo Selatan Sub-District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Retrofit / strengthening 20 earthquake-resistant masonry houses with ferrocement layers
(November-December 2020)
Pakuli Utara Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Retrofit / strengthening 80 earthquake-resistant masonry houses with ferrocement layers (January - March 2021)
Karawana Village, Maranatha Village, Namo Village, Tuva Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Training of masons and constructing earthquake-resistant model house bandaged with ferrocement layers (May 2021)
Mekkatta Selatan Village, Malunda Sub-District, Majene Regency, West Sulawesi
Construction of earthquake-resistant COVID-19 quarantine facility bandaged with ferrocement layers
(June - September 2021)
Rimuku Village, Mamuju Sub-District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi
Retrofitting houses damaged by Cianjur earthquake, November 21, 2021 - bandaged with ferrocement layers
(June, 25 2023)
Kampung Jamaras, Sarampad Village, Cugenang Sub-District, Cianjur, Jawa Barat
Retrofitting houses damaged by Cianjur earthquake, November 21, 2021 - bandaged with ferrocement layers
(June, 26 2023)
Kampung Pasir 18, Sarampad Village, Cugenang Sub-District, Cianjur, Jawa Barat
Retrofitting houses damaged by Cianjur earthquake, November 21, 2021 - bandaged with ferrocement layers
(June, 27 2023)
Kampung Pasir 18, Sarampad Village, Cugenang Sub-District, Cianjur, Jawa Barat